(Harvard School of Public Health, 2013, p.1)
Energy expenditure is decreased due to sleep deprivation because there is a decrease in physical activity as well as the body temperature being lowered. (Harvard School of Public Health, 2013, p.1)

Summary of Literature

The literature reviewed in this study has informed the study that children who sleep less hours each night are at a higher risk of becoming obese than children who sleep more than 12 hours each night. In a different study it is reported that infants sleeping less than 12 hours per night are twice as likely to be obese by age three. A study reported that followed children from birth to age 32 states findings that reduced sleep results in a 50% higher risk of obesity. More than nine million children over six years of age in the U.S. are obese. Sleep deprivation results in risks for cardiovascular disease, high blood…...

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References

AI-Hafian, K. (2008). Sleep, Obesity, and the Adolescent Population: A Literature Review. A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing. Washington State University

Chaput, J.P., Brunet, M., Tremblay, a. (2006). Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the "Quebec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 1080-1085.

Chaput, J.P., Brunet, M., Tremblay, a. (2006). Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the "Quebec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 1080-1085.

Chaput, J.P., Despres, J.P., Bouchard, C., Tremblay, a. (2007). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: Results from the Quebec family study. Obesity, 15(1),253-261.

Sleep Deprivation and Adolescent Obesity
Sleep Deprivation the effects it has on adolescent obesity.

Sleep deprivation and adolescent obesity: Literature review

We have become a 24/7 society. Adolescents in particular are known for shortchanging themselves on sleep. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, more than 30% of adult men and women sleep less than 6 hours a night and many adolescents sleep far less than that on a regular basis (Gupta 2003). And the rise in obesity corresponds with a subsequent decline in the average number of hours teens sleep every night. Adolescent obesity has tripled in the past thirty years, according to the Centers for Disease Control. For example, one study by Gupta (et al. 2003) compared sleep patterns in obese and non-obese adolescents and found "obese adolescents experienced less sleep than nonobese adolescents (P < 0.01). For each hour of lost sleep, the odds of obesity increased by 80%.…...

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References

Cauter, Eve Van & Kristen L. Knutson. (2008). Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and Adults. Eur J. Endocrinol, 159 S59-S66 http://www.eje.org/content/159/suppl_1/S59.full

Fortuna, J.L. (2010). Sweet preference, sugar addiction and the familial history of alcohol dependence: Shared neural pathways and genes. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 42(2),

147-51.

Gupta, N.K., Mueller, W.H., Chan, W. And Meininger, J.C. (2002), Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? Am. J. Hum. Biol., 14: 762 -- 768.

.. drastically affects the body's ability to metabolize glucose, leading to symptoms that mimic early-stage diabetes." (Sleep Deprivation Symptoms) This effect on the normal functioning of the body can lead to reduced concentration and even to radical and uncharacteristic mood swings. For instance The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) has suggested that many social problems, such as road rage, may be caused, in part, by a sleep deprivation. (Sleep Deprivation Symptoms)
Another factor that causes sleep deprivation is underlying physical as well as mental health issues. People suffering for depression and forms of post -traumatic stress disorder can suffer from insomnia which can lead to a pattern of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation affects the frontal cortex to the brain which ensures normal health sleep functioning. This area of the brain also controls speech and types of memory, as well as problem solving tasks. It therefore becomes obvious that long periods of sleep…...

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Bibliography

Andreassi, John L. Psychophysiology: Human Behavior and Physiological Response. 4th ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.

Field, Tiffany M., Philip M. McCabe, and Neil Schneiderman, eds. Stress and Coping. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1985.

Ledoux S. 2002. Accessed October 17, 2005.  http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/Ledoux.html 

Sleep Deprivation Symptoms. 2005. Accessed October 17, 2005,  http://www.sleep-deprivation.com

Sleep deprivation is frequently a direct result of the need for intensive care, constant surveillance and monitoring that combine to limit the opportunities for uninterrupted sleep in the intensive care unit (ICU). The problem is multifactorial, with patients' chronic underlying illness, pain, pharmacological interventions used for the treatment of the primary illness, as well as the ICU environment itself have all been shown to be contributing factors to the process of sleep deprivation. In response to a marked decline in patient satisfaction with the quietness of their ICU rooms, this study implemented and administered a series of effective noise-abatement steps. Consistent with the findings from other similar studies, the results of this study found that ICU patients rated survey showed that monitor alarms were rated as the most bothersome noise by the most patients, followed by IV pump alarms, staff talking, and bed alarms. Although not all sources of noise…...

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References:

Addressing quietness of units best practice implementation guide. Massachusetts General

Hospital, Massachusetts General Physicians Organization: Author.

Aslan, F.E., Badir, A. & Arli, S.K. et al. (2009, December/January). Patients' experience of pain after cardiac surgery. Contemporary Nurse: a Journal for the Australian Nursing

Profession, 34(1), 48-51.

Sleep Deprivation: Its Effects and Prevention For many people, sleep deprivation is a fact of their daily lives and routines. Over-commitment, coupled with a desire to work more and to maximize the little leisure time one has, can lead to extreme sleep deprivation on a regular basis. Even moderate sleep deprivation, according to the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom, can result in brain fog, difficulty learning, irritability, and over-emotionality (2018). Of course, occasional loss of sleep may be inevitable, due to work or school commitments, such as final exam periods. But prolonged, sustained sleep deprivation has become a way of life for too many people, particularly given the rise of digital technologies and the ease of staying up for long periods of time in the dark, staring at a screen. Irregular shift work and the demand for longer shifts in the new, 24/7 global economy has likewise spiked…...

Sleep Deprivation
As shown in the variable table, the two relevant variables for determining how sleep affects abilities are Hours (the number of hours each participant has gone without sleep) and Errors (the number of errors each participant made in their arithmetic test). Both are quantitative variables; Hours is the independent variable in this study, and Errors is the dependent variable. This particular study has a sample size of ten -- ten subjects were examined during the course of the research. Analysis of the raw data collected from these subjects was conducted using the spreadsheet and statistical program Microsoft Excel.

By highlighting the two columns of relevant data and using Excel's built-in functions, a scatter plot was created. The arrangement of the data in the plot visually suggests a linear relationship, which makes further regression analysis appropriate. Excel was thus used to add a trendline to the scatter plot, and to…...

Sleep Depivation and Expet Witnesses
Intoduction (the issue(s) pesented and pupose of you pape)

The pape will focus on the links between sleep depivation, false confessions and totue. The pape is witten in the context of Fedeal Rules of Evidence 702 and the testimony of an expet witness. The focus lies in the fight between expets on each side (defense and posecution) and how an expet witness can povide claity egading a confession and whee the line dawn on the continuum between a voluntay confession and someone who is being totued.

Findings of pimay/seconday souces

Sleep Depivation

Sleep Depivation in the Context of Inteogation

Exteme sleep depivation is widely used in the context of inteogation and has isen to a fine at. The executive summay of The Senate Intelligence Committee Repot on Totue: Committee Study of the Cental Intelligence Agency's Detention and Inteogation Pogam defines "sleep depivation" as "keeping detainees awake fo up to 180 hous,…...

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references for Person- Versus Situation-Based Analyses of Interrogation-Induced Confessions, Am Acad Psychiatry L. 38:2: 187-194, 2010.

Davis D, Leo R: Strategies for prevention of false confessions, in Practical Psychology for Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions. Edited by Kebbell M, Davies G. New York: John Wiley, 2006, pp 121-50.

Davis D, O'Donohue WT: The road to perdition: "extreme influence" tactics in the interrogation room, Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Edited by O'Donohue WT, Levensky E. New York: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004, pp 897-996.

Drizin SA, Leo RA: The problem of false confessions in the post-DNA world. NC L Rev 82:891-1007, 2004.

Federal Rules of Evidence, article VII, Rule 702, 28 U.S.C. §702 (2004).

[Pedrazzoli et.al, 2004]
While the above study discussed changes in levels of beta-adrenergic receptors, a research by Hip lide et.al studied the effects of REM deprivation on the binding changes among ?1-, ?2-, ?1- and ?2 adrenergic receptors in different regions of the brain. All the 91 rats used in the study were sleep deprived for 96 hours prior to the experiment. It was observed that the binding of [3H] prazosin to the ?1 receptors was not considerably different along the different regions of the brain but a mild reduction was observed. Similarly there was no significant difference in the binding to ?2 sites labeled as [3H] UK-14, 314 in all of the 91 observed areas but it showed a mild increase. However, the ?1- and ?2 receptors showed considerable reduction in binding. Data gathered using quantitative receptor autoradiography revealed that atleast in 13 of 69 brain regions, ?1 receptor…...

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Bibliography

1-Majumdar S, Mallick BN. 'Cytomorphometric changes in rat brain neurons after rapid eye movement sleep deprivation' Neuroscience. 2005;135(3): 679-90.

2- Majumdar S, Mallick BN. 'Increased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in locus coeruleus neurons after rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in rats'. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Mar 6; 338(3): 193-6

3- Basheer R, Magner M, McCarley RW, Shiromani PJ. 'REM sleep deprivation increases the levels of tyrosine hydroxylases and norepinephrine transport mRNA in the locus coeruleus.' Molecular brain research, 1998, vol. 57, no2, pp. (235-240)

4- Pedrazzoli M, Benedito MA..'Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced down- regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat brainstem and hippocampus' Pharmacology, biochemistry and Behavior 2004 Sep; 79(1): 31-6

This is also consistent with prior data that indicated that insufficient sleep during adolescence increased feelings of depression, anxiety, and moodiness (Brody, 2007).
In the last few years, researchers have concluded that a significant percentage of car accidents (especially single vehicle accidents) are attributable to sleepiness behind the wheel and that sleep deprivation actually impairs driving ability and reaction time as much as driving under the influence of alcohol (Siegel, 2005). Likewise, chronic sleep deprivation undermines work productivity, because its effects are cumulative.

Our daily schedules normally dictate how much we sleep, and because we are able to function even without enough sleep, many of us do not realize that we are getting too little sleep until we have the opportunity to vacation without the need to follow any particular schedule. According to researchers, clues that we are sleeping less than we need include difficulty concentrating and napping during the day…...

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References

Siegel, J.M. Clues to the Functions of Mammalian Sleep Nature 437, 1264-1271 (October 27, 2005). Retrieved November 17, 2007, from natureonline.com, at  http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7063/full/nature04285.html 

Brody, J.E. Personal Health: At Every Age, Feeling the Effects of Too Little Sleep; the New York Times. (October 23, 2007). Retrieved November 17, 2007 from nytimesonline.com, at  http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/23/health/23brod.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print

Most research on the subject indicates that an individual suffering from sleep deprivation may have more difficulty placing regular events or moments of adversity into proper perspective. An absence of sufficient sleep may make one more quick to anger, to become despondent or to interact with others in hostile or inappropriate ways. (ikipedia, 1) Individuals lacking the proper sleep may find themselves less in control of their emotions, even to the extent that many studies have attributed bouts with depression and anxiety to sleep deprivation.
And of course, if you are not getting the proper amount of sleep, your body will suffer. Human beings are meant to enter into this resting phase for a sufficient duration every night. ithout this regular sleep, important systems such as the body's immune system fail to generate the needed energy to function properly. According to a 2001 study on the subject, "the number of…...

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Works Cited:

Ledoux, S. (2002). The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Brain and Behavior. Serendip. Online at  http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1690 

Wikipedia. (2009). Sleep Deprivation. Wikimedia, Ltd. Inc.

Williamson, A.M. & Feyer, A. (2000). Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57, 649-655.

Visual Aid from:  http://scienceblogs.com/clock/upload/2006/10/visciouscycle2web.gif

Sleep Deprivation on the Brain
Studies on sleep deprivation continually display an inconsistent (negative) effect on mood, cognitive behaviour, and motor function as a result of a rising propensity for sleep as well as the destabilization of the wake condition. Unique neurocognitive domains such as executive attention, functioning memory, and conflicting higher cognitive behaviours are specifically apt to loss of sleep. In human beings, functional neurophysiological and metabolic studies prove that neural systems that are part of executive function (i.e., prefrontal cortex) are more prone to sleep deprivation in certain persons than in others. New persistent sleep deprivation studies, where sleep loss that are closely replicated in the society, show that deep neurocognitive shortfalls gather over time when faced with subjective adjustment to sleep sensation. All sleep deprivations that are related to any kind of disease-related disintegration like restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea equally lead to neurocognitive function reductions…...

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Reference

Alhola, P., & Polo-Kantola, P. (2007). Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 3(5), 553-567.

Bocca, M. L., & Denise, P. (2006). Total sleep deprivation effect on disengagement of spatial attention as assessed by saccadic eye movements. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(4), 894-899.

Chee, M. W., & Choo, W. C. (2004). Functional imaging of working memory after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24(19), 4560-4567.

Chee, M. W., & Chuah, Y. L. (2007). Functional neuroimaging and behavioural correlates of capacity decline in visual short-term memory after sleep deprivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(22), 9487-9492.

Identification of the Problem Among college students, only 30% report getting sufficient sleep to maintain optimal physical and cognitive functioning, and half of all college students report regular daytime sleepiness (Hershner & Chervin, 2014). The causes of sleep deprivation include stress and work overload, which may begin as early as high school. One study of almost 2000 adolescents revealed persistent health problems and sleep insufficiency, linked to overly early start times for school (Ming, Koransky, Kang, et al, 2011). Therefore, the overall prevalence of sleep deprivation is alarmingly high among adolescents and young adults.
Problem Statement
The consequences of sleep deprivation are dire. Poor academic performance and even academic failure are commonly reported consequences of sleep deprivation among both high school and college students (Hershner & Chervin, 2014; Ming, Koransky, Kang, et al, 2011). Lower grade point averages and poorer performance in school can cause long-term consequences for young adult career development and…...

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References

The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School (n.d.). Consequences of insufficient sleep.

Hershner, S.D. & Chervin, R.D. (2014). Causes and consequences of sleepnessness among college students. Nature and Science of Sleep 2014(6): 73-84.

McKnight-Elly, L.R., Eaton, D.K., Lowry, R., et al. (2011). Relationships between hours of sleep and health-risk behaviors in US adolescent students. Preventative Medicine 53(4-5): 271-273.

Ming, X., Koransky, R., Kang, V. et al (2011). Sleep insufficiency, sleep health problems and performance in high school students. Clinical Medicine Insights 2011(5): 71-79.

National Health Services (2018). Why lack of sleep is bad for your health. https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/tiredness-and-fatigue/Pages/lack-of-sleep-health-risks.aspx

Owens, J. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults. Pediatrics 134(3): http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/3/e921.short

http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/consequences

estless Leg Syndrome
A simple way to define estless legs syndrome (LS) is an overpowering urge to move limbs, especially the legs that mostly take place when relaxing or during bedtime. This neural disorder is a major causative factor of nighttime blood pressure spikes and its associated circulatory consequences which reduces sleep quality and in some cases even eliminates the possibility of sleep. This sleep deprivation causes adverse effects such as nervousness, perpetual sadness and reduced comfort of living. Patients initially suffering from hemodialysis that develops LS have a much higher death rate. In most cases, they suffer from disorders that are difficult to explain. This paper's objective is to educate medical personnel on the need to understand and make deductions from the patient's signs, which are the factors considered and from which a conclusion is made if a patient has LS or some other disorder (Einollahi & Izadianmehr, 2014).

estless Leg…...

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References

Allen, R., Chen, C., & Garcia-Borreguero, D. (2014). Comparison of pregabalin with pramipexole for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J. Med, 370(7), 621-31.

Comella, C. L. (2014). Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics, 11(1), 177-87.

Einollahi, B., & Izadianmehr, N. (2014). Restless Leg Syndrome: A Neglected Diagnosis. Nephrourol Mon, 6(5).

Gangadharan, S., Perkins, L., Sauerbier, A., & Chaudhuri, K. R. (2016). The treatment challenges of restless legs syndrome. Prescribing In Practice.

I find that I could fall asleep almost anywhere, but especially after eating or when trying to relax. I am usually asleep within minutes of going to bed, but struggle mightily to get up in the morning. On a daily basis I find myself stressed to get through the day without felling tired, irritable and drowsy.
According to the Mayo Clinic's Sleep tips: 7 steps to better sleep (2012) there are 7 steps that one can use to achieve better sleep. These include:

Sticking to a regular sleep timetable -- going to bed and getting up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off strengthens ones sleep-wake sequence and helps encourage better sleep at night.

Paying attention to what one eats and drinks -- one should never go to bed either hungry or stuffed as the discomfort might keep them up.

Creating a bedtime ritual -- one should…...

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References

Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep. (2007). Retrieved from  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm 

Carpenter, S. & Huffman, K. (2009). Visualizing Psychology (2nd ed.), John Wiley & Sons.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.aasment.org/resources/factsheets/crsd.pdf

Sleep tips: 7 steps to better sleep. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sleep/HQ01387

Infant Sleep Patterns
People sleep nearly one third of their lives and infants sleep significantly more than adults (Franken, Kopp, Landolt, & Luthi, 2009). The function of sleep has hypothesized by different researchers; however, surprisingly there is no general consensus as to what the function and purpose of sleep actually is. It is known that sleep deprivation can have some serious consequences, especially in infants. The reason for this is that growth cycles as well as other developmental and functional processes occur in both the brain and body during sleep (Franken et al., 2009). Since getting adequate sleep is vital in infants it is important to understand their sleeping needs and patterns. In order to understand how to establish safe sleep patterns for children less than 18 months of age is important to understand the stages of sleep, the hypothetical functions of sleep, and the needs of infants regarding sleep at…...

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References

Carpenter, R., McGarvey, C., Mitchell, E.A., Tappin, D.M., Vennemann, M.M., Smuk, M.,

Carpenter, J.R. (2013). Bedsharing when parents do not smoke: Is there a risk of SIDS?

An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies. British Medical Journal Open, BMJ Open 2013;3:e002299. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002299

Franken, P., Kopp, C., Landolt, H.P., & Luthi, A. (2009). The functions of sleep. European Journal of Neuroscience, 29(9), 1739-1740.

Certainly! Here are some lesser-known but interesting essay topics on type 2 diabetes:

1. The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Type 2 Diabetes: Explore the connection between lack of sleep and an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, as well as the potential implications for managing the condition in individuals who already have it.

2. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, and discuss potential interventions that target the microbiome as a treatment strategy.

3. Socioeconomic Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes Care: Analyze the....

Thesis Statement Brainstorming for Paranormal Phenomena

1. Investigate the Interplay between Cultural Beliefs and Paranormal Experiences

Cultural norms and values shape how individuals perceive, interpret, and report paranormal phenomena.
Cross-cultural studies can reveal how different cultural contexts influence the nature and frequency of paranormal experiences.

2. Explore the Role of Psychology in Paranormal Beliefs and Encounters

Cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias and wishful thinking, can contribute to the subjective nature of paranormal experiences.
Psychological factors, such as stress, sleep deprivation, and alterations in consciousness, may trigger or enhance paranormal experiences.

3. Examine the Evidence for Physical Manifestations of Paranormal Phenomena

Scientific methods,....

Sure, here are some potential essay topics on sleep disorders:

1. The prevalence and impact of sleep disorders in modern society.
2. The causes and risk factors of common sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy.
3. The relationship between sleep disorders and mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression.
4. The role of technology and lifestyle factors in contributing to sleep disorders.
5. Treatment options for sleep disorders, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.
6. The impact of sleep disorders on physical health, including increased risk for obesity, heart disease, and other chronic conditions.
7. The importance of addressing sleep disorders in....

In the tapestry of academic life, student productivity is a vibrant thread, intricately woven with a myriad of factors. These elements, both internal and external, play a profound role in shaping the ability of students to engage effectively in their studies and achieve optimal outcomes. Among the most significant factors that impact student productivity are procrastination, external distractions, mental health, authoritarian parenting, internet addiction, constant parental migration, classroom environment, lack of study habits, and chronic absenteeism. Understanding the interplay of these factors is crucial for educators and policymakers alike, as it empowers them to develop targeted interventions and support systems....